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who are we, where are we from, where are we going. We are sentient beings who create every moment of our life from the past to a future that only exists in our imagination. To bring your imagination to life, the fewer intermediaries there are, the less possibility there is to go wrong. We can create a world of Peace, following the laws of Nature, dictated by our Humanity.

To learn to dominate nature, learns already to obey it.
« The name of the Rose »
by Jean-Jacques ANNAUD

The visual system, the importance of integration for a fresh start, and of covering as many directions as possible to increase the sharpness and accuracy of physical reality:

Multi-directional to capture everything

The light passes through the refractive media (cornea, aqueous humor, lens and vitreous body) of the eye to reach the nerve retina.

• Sclera: Outer fibrous tunica of the eye bulb;
• Cornea: Transparent part of the outer tunica: very sensitive to pain;
• Choroid: Middle vascular tunic of the eyeball;
• Ciliary body: Anterior vascular and muscular extension of the choroid;
• Ciliary process: Radiant pigmented folds of the ciliary body: secreting the aqueous humor that occupies the anterior and posterior chambers;
• Iris: Contractile diaphragm with a central opening (the pupil);
• Lens: Transparent lens held in capsule form by consular fibers;
• Retina: Photoreceptor tunica at the origin of the optic nerve (optic retina);
• Macula (yellow spot): Retinal area of ​​maximum visual acuity;
• Optic disc: The non-receptive area through which the axons of the optic nerve (Cranial Nerve II) leave the retina towards the brain.

A refractive medium changes the direction of the light rays, which means that the light will flood the bulb of the eye, and thus, the nerve retina will be fully illuminated.

From infinity small to infinity large

The ciliary body has smooth muscle organized in a circular fashion like a sphincter.

• When this muscle is relaxed, traction is exerted on a set of zonular fibers attached to the elastic lens, which is then stretched and flattened, allowing objects to be seen at a distance far from the eyes;
• When the gaze is focused on a nearby object, the ciliary muscle like a sphincter contracts, and approaches the lens, causing relaxation of the zonular fibers and allowing the faces of the lens to bulge for accommodation;
• This accommodation reflex is controlled by the parasympathetic fibers of the oculomotor nerve (Cranial Nerve III).

The iris also has smooth muscle fibers.

• The contraction of the circular pupillary sphincter muscle, under the control of the parasympathetic fibers of the NC III, leads to a reduction in the diameter of the pupil,
• While fibers of the pupillary dilator muscle under sympathetic control increase the diameter of the pupil.

The part of the retina directly opposite the focal point of the lens at the posterior pole of the eyeball is specialized.

• There is an area called the macula (yellow spot) with a small central pit called fovea centralis.
• In the fovea, the retina is thinned and contains only cones and ganglion cells and is the region of greatest visual acuity.
• The macula contains a lot of cones and a few rods, apart from the macula rods dominate.
• Each human retina has about 7 million cones and about 120 million rods.

The bulb of the eye is attached to the orbital cavity by six extra-ocular muscles that move it, and it is cushioned by the fat that envelops the posterior two-thirds of the globe.

The need for the limits

The retina is a thin tunica that forms an expansion of the brain.

Most of the axons of its ganglion cells travel back through the optic nerve (NC II) and the central nervous system (CNS) to their synaptic region in the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus.

For this, the light must pass through the entire thickness of the retinal tunic:

• To finally meet the photoreceptor cells located on the pigment epithelium;
• Photoreceptors (rods and cones) synapse with bipolar cells,
• The bipolar cells then establish a synapse with the ganglion cells,
• while horizontal and amacrine cells make interconnections.
• The cones are specialized in bright light vision (daytime),
• The rods in twilight vision (night).

The pigment epithelium absorbs light, so only light rays that have passed through the eye bulb directly or by refraction will be transformed into nerve signals by the nerve retina, and sent to the brain.

The pigment epithelium also participates in immune modulation;

Let’s use the observation of feedback to readjust our actions:

If we considered Humanity as a human body,
where each of Us lives his own life;

If we considered Humanity as a human body,
where each of Us lives his own life;

Humanize the World,
we will free ourselves from our fears,
misery, violence, injustices, wars,
like the visual system let us observe the Earth in detail as a whole.

Bibliographic References:
– The information on the visual system is taken from the book « The Netter’s Anatomy Coloring Book », John T. HANSE, Elsevier Masson SAS, 2017 (the french version),
– The pictures are taken from the book « Atlas of Human Anatomy », Seventh edition, Franck H. NETTER, Elsevier Masson SAS, eBook.

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Democracy is the power of the people, by the people, for the people. It is a political system, which starts from the needs of the people and arrives at the establishment of a way of life, to live together so that everyone can find their way there. No country is democratic taking this definition into account, the current political systems lead to violence, misery, injustices. We can free ourselves from fear, by freeing ourselves from duality.

THE artist is the creator of beautiful things.
To reveal art and conceal the artist is art’s aim.
« The picture of Dorian Gray »
by Oscar WILDE

The endocrine system, the targeted and coordinated multiplicity to balance the functioning of the body:

The number to act in depth

The endocrine system is dispersed and critical for regulating the major functions of the body.

There are many hormones that interact at target sites (cells and tissues) even from a long distance, releasing hormones into the circulating blood flow.

Here are the tissues and organs involved in the endocrine system with their distribution in the body:

• In the brain: the hypothalamus, the pineal gland, the pituitary gland;
• In the neck: the thyroid gland, the para-thyroid glands, the thymic gland;
• In the thorax: the heart;
• In the abdomen: the digestive tract, the adrenals, the pancreatic islets, the kidneys;
• In the pelvis: the ovaries, the testicles;
• At the tissue level: adipose tissue, some connective tissue cells, white blood cells.

Hormones can act on a wide variety of cellular interactions involving communication:

• Autocrine: on a cell of the same type or on the cell having, itself produces the signal ;
• Paracrine: on a cell in the nearby of the emitting cell;
• Endocrine: at a great distance through the blood flow;
• Neurocrine: like a neurotransmitter but released into the circulating blood flow.

The endocrine system, along with the nervous system and the immune system, facilitates communication, integration and regulation of many body functions.

Unique configurations to punctuate life

Puberty only occurs once in life, between 10 and 14 years, for the functional maturity of the reproductive organs in both sexes, and the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics.

The following events occur:

• The hypothalamus increases its level of gonadoliberin (GnRH) release;
• GnRH stimulates the production of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) by the anterior pituitary gland;
• In the female sex: LH targets the ovaries stimulating the production of androgens transformed into estrogen, LH also stimulates the production of progesterone, and FSH stimulates the production of estrogen from androgens;
• Estrogens are responsible for modifications of the accessory sexual organs and secondary sexual characteristics recognizable at puberty;
• In the male sex: LH acts on the testes to stimulate the production of testosterone, testosterone and FSH act together on the testicle to promote the development of the spermatozoa;
• Testosterone is responsible for the modifications of the accessory sexual organs and the secondary sexual characteristics recognizable at puberty.

Pregnancy is also a unique, non-cyclical event, which induces a particular set of hormones, but unlike puberty, it can occur several times in life or never.

Cycles to accord the present

During the day, depending on our activity, the fact that we eat, that we sleep …, the energy needs of the body can be reversed.

The main fuels in the body are glucose, fatty acids and ketones (derivatives of fatty acid metabolism).

The pancreas secretes, among other things, two hormones with opposite hormonal functions.

Glucagon, the hormone for energy mobilization:

• Glucacon acts on the liver to degrade glycogen and stimulate hepatic neoglucogenesis from amino acids;
• There is an increase in the concentration of glucose in the blood;
• It also acts on adipose tissue to stimulate lipolysis and the release of fatty acids.
• The overall effect of glucagon is to increase blood levels of glucose, fatty acids and ketones.

Insulin, the energy storage hormone:

• Insulin secretion rises with increasing plasma glucose level, especially after meals;
• It stimulates the cellular penetration of glucose, where it is stored in the form of glycogen (particularly in the liver and muscles);
• It also stimulates the formation of fats and inhibits lipolysis;
• It stimulates the cellular entry of amino acids and their storage in the form of proteins.
• The overall effect of insulin is to lower blood glucose and ketone levels.

There are many other hormones that interact at different levels and locations in the human body to regulate and coordinate the body.

Let’s use the feedback from hierarchical exchanges to harmonize our relationships:

If we consider Humanity as a human body,
where each of Us communicates with our environment;

We will be able to know what is happening at every point of the globe
and adjust when necessary, our way of life;

Humanize the World,
we will balance together
climate change, the spread of the coronavirus,
as the endocrine system unites for the well-being of the organism as a whole.

Bibliographic reference:
– The information on the endocrine system is taken from the book « The Netter’s Anatomy Coloring Book », John T. HANSE, Elsevier Masson SAS, 2017 (the french version).

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to live in a spirit of fraternity is to freely express one’s personality, without imposing one’s opinions and beliefs on others. It is giving value to Life. Fraternal gestures are spontaneous and not calculated, coming from the heart they bring well-being to the one who gives them and the one who receives them.

Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that.
Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that.
Martin Luther King

The peculiarity of the gastrointestinal system is to be able, to digest, to absorb, to regulate unknown foods, in a short period of time and to provide energy to the body:

The delimitation to fulfill functions

The gastrointestinal system consists of a conduit -the digestive tract of about 10 meters starting from the oral cavity and extending to the anal canal, and associated glands.

The digestive tract includes:

• The oral cavity: the tongue, teeth and salivary glands;
• The pharynx: the throat subdivided into naso-pharynx, oropharynx and laryngo-pharynx;
• The esophagus;
• The stomach ;
• The small intestine: the duodenum, jejunum and ileum;
• The large intestine: the cecum, the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, the rectum and the anal canal.

The associated glands are:

• The salivary glands: three major glands and thousands of tiny and microscopic minor salivary glands dispersed in the oral mucosa;
• The liver: the largest gland in the body;
• The gallbladder: stores and concentrates the bile necessary for the digestion of fats;
• The pancreas: an exocrine gland (producer of digestive enzymes) and endocrine.

The digestive tract imposes the direction, order and speed of digestion of nutrients from the mouth to the anal canal, the glands intervene independently of the food bowl.

Active / passive duality

Certain stages of the digestion process involve an action on our part and are under the control of the central nervous system (CNS), while others are under the control of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and we will be passive in carrying them out.

• Brushing teeth eliminates food flows to prevent cavities. When the lower esophageal sphincter -a smooth muscle controlled by the ANS- loses its tone, it lets stomach acid go up, which can damage the health of the teeth.
• We can decide not to swallow the food we have in our mouths. As soon as swallowing begins, the smooth muscles of the esophagus -under control of the ANS- will contract automatically to bring the food bowl down to the stomach. The stomach -itself made up of smooth muscles- will contract and the digested food will reach the duodenum, and continue on its way to be absorbed.
• The bile, necessary for the digestion of fats, is produced by the hepatocyte cells of the liver. It is discharged into the bile duct, either it directly reaches the duodenum, or it goes into the gallbladder where it will be stored and concentrated. The liver produces about 900 ml of bile and the gallbladder has a storage capacity of 30 to 50 ml. The bile will leave the gallbladder under a stimulating effect resulting from the ANS and the hormonal system.
• The anal canal is closed thanks to the tonic contraction of the internal anal sphincter -a smooth muscle under the control of the ANS, and the external anal sphincter -a skeletal muscle under the control of the CNS. When the rectum is distended by the feces, the internal sphincter relaxes, but defecation can only occur with voluntary relaxation of the external sphincter and contraction of the smooth muscles of the distal colon and rectum.

Even if the course of the digestive tract and the digestive functions are the same for everyone, the passive intervention of the autonomic and hormonal nervous systems means that the absorption resulting from the ingestion of the same food by two people, will not be not necessarily identical in the two organisms.

Mobility develops interactions

When the digestive tract of the embryo, suspended by the mesentery, begins to grow in length and in width, it undergoes a rotation on itself so that the intestinal length necessary for a complete digestion can be positioned in the constrained space of the abdomen.

As intestinal rotation and growth takes place, part of the intestine and associated digestive glands is pushed back to the posterior abdominal wall, adjoins it and merges with the posterior peritoneum, losing its meso and thus becoming retroperitoneal.

Other parts of the intestine keep their mesentery and thus continue to be intraperitoneal.

Here are the different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, in the order of intervention in the digestive system, and their relationship to the peritoneum:

All parts of the digestive system come from the embryonic digestive tract. Its transformation during embryogenesis – by rotations, plicatures, delimitations – means that one in two parts has retained its mesentery, or on the contrary has lost it.

Let’s use the inter-dependence of synchronized delimitation to live in the present moment:

If we consider Humanity as a human body,
where each of Us sets life in motion;

We can work together for common happiness;

Humanize the World,
we will get peace on Earth, like the harmony of a body.

Bibliographic reference:
– The information on the gastrointestinal is taken from the book « The Netter’s Anatomy Coloring Book », John T. HANSE, Elsevier Masson SAS, 2017 (the french version).

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Life is Magic, it does not judge, it is Just. If we are wrong, she lets us do it, she accepts our choices. She just sends us messages in response to her choices -illnesses, disasters,… a friend, a job,… a cloud that comes to life, a break through the clouds,… Choosing a harmonious source of aspiration, brings the health, the joy, the prosperity.

You know the theory of rational choice Dom.
There are a lot of actions but two that you have interest to take into account:
. The only human behavior that you can control is yours,
. The only thing we can give someone is information.
« Fast and Furious 8 »
by F. Gary Gray

Molecular signaling means giving the right information in the right place for the best result:

Dependence at the heart of life

Any biological action within the human body requires the intervention of chemical compounds.

• Calcium is compulsory for muscle contraction;
• Growth factors are necessary for each cell division;
• The immune response cannot take place without the recognition of the surface proteins of the major histocompatibility complex;
• The nerve impulse is transmitted along the axon thanks to a local modification of the difference in ionic concentration.

The human body is a perpetual waltz of chemical reactions between diverse and varied molecules, dependent on each other.

Affinity is his motivation

These chemical compounds are found in solution or bound to a membrane or a complex structure such as the cytoskeleton, actin / myosin filaments…

When they are bound to the membrane:

• They will act as receptors to detect extracellular chemical signals;
• They will act as membrane transporters of ions or nutrients;
• They will participate in the movement and the moving of the cell in response to stimuli.

When they are bound to the cytoskeleton or other complex structures, they will influence the shape of the cell and its expression.

When they are in solution, molecules will not have the same treatment depending on their size, their electrical charge and their chemical nature.

• Hydrophobic molecules, oxygen, carbon dioxide, gases in general, steroid hormones, will diffuse freely in the cell;
• Uncharged polar molecules, water, ethanol, urea, glycerol, amino acids, glucose can diffuse, but their diffusion will be slower and more difficult as their size increases;
• The ions, and all the charged molecules will not be able to diffuse through the membrane, the membrane transporters will be compulsory.

Each stimulus, each encounter between compounds, a different expression occurs.

Affinity offers choice

The interaction of the compounds does not allow only punctual facts, but also allows malleability.

Take the example of axon growth:
The axon of neurons growths in the search for a target organ thanks to a growth cone.

• The growth cone is a dynamic structure for exploring the environment;
• It is very sensitive to the extracellular environment;
• Thanks to its sensitivity to attractive or repulsive factors, it guides the axon towards the adequate target;
• The relationship between membrane receptors, adhesion and the cytoskeleton is very important in this region;
• When the axon reaches the target organ, there is accumulation of vesicles in the presynaptic region, and start of release of neurotransmitters;
• The synapse is functional.

There are several hundred or even several thousand synapses per neuron, they are formed by learning and offer plasticity to the nervous system.

Let’s use the variability and the learning capacity of information to give meaning to our exchanges:

If we consider Humanity as a human body,
where each of Us is a chemical compound;

We can share our actions to bring good to Humanity as a whole;

Let’s humanize the World,
we will get the perfection of a healthy body.

Bibliographic references:
– The picture of axon growth is taken from the first year medical course.
– The information on molecular signaling is taken from the book « The Netter’s Anatomy Coloring Book », John T. HANSE, Elsevier Masson SAS, 2017 (the french version).