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Perhaps we must accept that the division, the war, the violence, the diseases, benefit some who will do nothing to change that. Not everyone wishes, consciously or unconsciously, to live in Peace on Earth. But they are not “Life”. Life is Life. We are Humanity. We carry out at the individual level through our daily acts, at the citizen level with petitions, associations, fraternal actions. We can achieve it on a global scale with movements of movements, for Peace, for Justice, for the Joy of Living, for Freedom: a Movement of Movement For.

Man is born barbarous.
He is ransomed from the condition of Beasts, only by being cultivated.
 » The courtiers manual oracle – To cultivate and embellish »
by Baltasar Garcián, 1601-1658

The inner ear, the movement of a fixed point that becomes mobile and changes the encoding of data to make systems that everything separate:

The wave that propagates

Waves of sound arrive in the outer ear and cause vibrations in the tympanic membrane.

• These vibrations in turn generate the movements of the ossicles responsible for the vibrations of the stapes in the vestibular window (oval),
• leading to mobilize in waves the liquid (perilymph) located in the vestibular ramp and the tympanic ramp of the cochlea,
• which eventually causes the tiny hair cells of the organ of Corti to tilt and depolarize.
• Action potentials ensue in the afferent axons of the spiral ganglion cells, which are then transported centrally to the cochlear nucleus of the elongated cord.

From this nucleus, information is transferred to overlying centers in the brain and ends in the auditory cortex of the temporal lobe.

Complementarity at the service of action

While half of the nerve fiber contingent in the vestibulo-cochlear nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII) carries auditory information, the other half carries sensory information in maintaining a specialized sense of balance.

Receivers intended for balance are specific in two functional aspects:

• Static: a special receptor called an acoustic macule resides in each utricle or saccule and helps analyze head position, linear accelerations, as well as gravity and low frequency vibrations (saccule only);
• Dynamic: special receptors called the ampullary crest sit in the bulb of each semicircular canal (anterior bulb, lateral bulb, posterior bulb) and are affected by the angular (rotational) movements of the head

Vertigo is a sensation of spinning motion with loss of balance (dizziness).

It can occur by excessive stimulation of the vestibular system as in seasickness, motion sickness (car), carousel rides.

Viral infections, certain medications, and tumors can cause dizziness.

From oscillations to nerve impulses

The important step in the auditory transduction pathway is the transformation of mechanical vibrations leading to neural action potentials which are then transported to the brain.

This step occurs in the organ of Corti in the cochlea:

• Cochlear hair cells (internal or external) sit on a basilar membrane and are functionally organized.
• Pressure waves in the vestibular ramp are transmitted to the endolymph that occupies the cochlear duct through the vestibular membrane.
• These pressure waves mobilize the basilar membrane (the loudest sounds induce more movements) but also the tectorial membrane.
• Hair cells resting on the basilar membrane have the end of their cilia attached to the tectorial membrane and the divergent movements of these two membranes result in a shearing motion.
• This effect leads to tilting of the cilia, depolarization of hair cells, release of neurotransmitters and initiates the action potential in the afferent axons of spiral ganglion cells.

The acoustic macule (of the vestibular apparatus of equilibrium) also carries hair cells (like the organ of Corti above) and a simple kinocilium (the longest eyelash) is present and covers the end of each bundle of stereocilia (very long microvilli).

• During linear acceleration, the cilia move and this movement results in an increased release of neurotransmitters to the sensory axons of the cells of the vestibular ganglion.
• This occurs when the cilia move to and from the kinocilium, causing depolarization of the hair cells.
• The movements of the cilia away from the kinocilium causing hyperpolarization of hair cells, reducing the release of neurotransmitters.
• Finally, the macules of the utricle feel the accelerations in a horizontal plane,
• while the macules of the saccule perceive vertical accelerations, the sensation perceived when taking the elevator.

The ampulla crest of semicircular canals also possess hair cells and a kinocilium like a macule.

Let’s use our body’s feeling and its ability to transform it into analyzable data to amplify our sensitivity to Living:

If we consider any movement (of people, animals, nature)
as a displacement of space generating a vibration,
and our skin as a vibratory sensor;

Developing our senses can give us the opportunity to know the world;

Let’s decide to tame our feelings,
we will find how to live together.

Bibliographic references:
– The information on the auditory and vestibular system and the picture of hair cells, are taken from the book « The Netter’s Anatomy Coloring Book », John T. HANSE, Elsevier Masson SAS, 2017 (the french version),
– The other three pictures are taken from the book « Atlas of Human Anatomy », Seventh edition, Franck H. NETTER, Elsevier Masson SAS, eBook.

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On paper, with words, in his head, it is possible to realize his most wonderful dreams. But when we move on to realization, we always come up against unforeseen obstacles, which sometimes ruin our momentum. Duality is the natural state of the evolution of life, its extremities can be used as the limits to have in mind, to progress between the two in balance.

It is not power that corrupts but fear.
Fear of losing power corrupts those who wield it and
Fear of the scourge of power corrupts those who are subject to it.
« Freedom from fear »
by Aung San Suu Kyi

The reproductive system, automatic processes sprinkled with wishes to evolve in complete freedom:

Physical difference and identical function

In the human body, the reproductive system has the most differences between women and men, while having the same functionality.

The feminine and masculine germ cells do not have the same characteristics of life and diffusion, they require a different structural organization, while respecting identical needs.

Automatic actions

There are events in the reproductive system that we cannot guess.

Today we know that hormones play a big role in orchestrating the reproductive system. They are known, the interactions between each can be modeled and used for medical purposes.

Here are some steps that seem escape to a voluntary control:

• In women, at each ovulation cycle, about 10 to 20 prenatal follicles begin to mature to give an ovum, but only one becomes dominant and the others degenerate;
• In men, an erection results from parasympathetic stimulation, which causes relaxation of the smooth muscles of the wall of the arteries vascularizing the erectile bodies and allowing the blood to engorge the vascular sinuses of erectile tissues;
  The parasympathetic system controls the involuntary activities of organs, glands, blood vessels.
• In men, when the urethra detaches from the bladder, it is surrounded by a smooth muscle sphincter, the internal urethral sphincter. This sphincter is under sympathetic control and closes the urethra during ejaculation so that the semen cannot retrograde reach the bladder.
  The sympathetic system controls of a large number of automatic body activities, such as heart rate or contraction of smooth muscles.

When we acquire knowledge, it would be good to distinguish what is related to human biology and can be used for therapeutic purposes, from what is related to free will and must remain the experience of life.

Plan everything for creation

The menstrual cycle prepares the uterus to receive the fertilized egg and to participate in its embryonic development.

Every month, from puberty to menopause, the woman undergoes the monthly cycle that will allow her to carry life.

For this, the monthly cycle is accompanied by the following changes in the endometrium of the uterus:

• The monthly phase: it lasts 3 to 5 days and marks the beginning of the cycle when the endometrium degenerates because no implantation has taken place, and undergoes elimination with the monthly flow.
• The proliferative phase: from the 4th to the 14th day approximately, when the endometrium thickens considerably; this growth is stimulated by estrogen;
  It coincides with the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, which sees the proliferation of granulosa cells in a selected follicle.
• The secretory phase: after ovulation, which is the 14th day of the ovarian cycle, the endometrium increases its secretory activity (nutrient-rich mucus) under the influence of progesterone (hormone that promotes gestation). It becomes thick and edematous in order to anticipate possible implantation;
  At this time, the ovarian cycle is in its luteal phase during which the follicular cells transform into a corpus luteum and produce significant quantities of progesterone, but also of estrogen and inhibin.
• In the absence of fertilization, degeneration of the corpus luteum, and so decrease of the plasma levels of oestrogen and progesterone, begins around the 25th day of the cycle and menstruation appears around the 28th day, defining the start of a new menstrual cycle.
• If fertilization and implantation occur, then the plasma levels of estrogen and progesterone continue to rise, with stimulation of endometrial growth by estrogen and inhibition of uterine contractibility by progesterone, so that the fetus can reach its term (9 months) before birth.

At each ovulation, one of two actions: fertilization takes place or fertilization does not take place, occurs, regardless of the attention we pay to it.

Let’s use the « will / involuntary » duality contained in creative exchanges to raise our consciousness:

If we consider that our dreams are the involuntary part of creativity,
and society the place of expression of our will to give them life;

Developing conscious societies can offer the freedom to realize them;

Let’s decide to exchange our thoughts, we will create an awakened world.

Bibliographic reference:
– The information on the reproductive system is taken from the book « The Netter’s Anatomy Coloring Book », John T. HANSE, Elsevier Masson SAS, 2017 (the french version).

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Humanity, on the scale of life, it is a one year child on the scale of human life. We know that he will run, eat alone, write, work … but currently, he is dependent on his family environment, himself dependent on what society propose him. To create a fraternal world, we must participate individually in collective orientations, and collective organizations must pay attention to individuals.

The only way to accomplish the impossible is to believe it is possible.
« Alice in the Wonderland »
by Tim BURTON

The respiratory system, a path traveled by the elements exchanged to create actions:

To respond to needs

The respiratory system supplies the body with the oxygen it needs for its metabolic needs, and removes carbon dioxide.

To study the biological function linked to the respiratory system, it is not enough to study the part which deals with the exchanges between oxygen and carbon dioxide, but the whole path of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

This means that, structurally, the respiratory system has:

• The nose and paranasal sinuses;
• The pharynx and its different parts: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, and the laryngo-pharynx;
• The larynx;
• The trachea;
• The bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts and bags, and the alveoli;
• Lungs.

An external element entering the human body follows a defined path.

A defined path to carry out actions

The organs involved in the respiratory system are mainly covered with ciliated respiratory epithelium. Certain parts are innervated and vascularized.

This allows the respiratory system to perform five functions.

• Filter, humidify the air and mobilize air to and from the lungs;
• Present a large gas exchange surface with blood;
• Help regulate the pH of body fluids;
• Contribute to phonation;
• Participate in the olfactory system with odor detection.

It is the fact that oxygen travels through different parts of the body that allows it to perform specific actions.

The exchange is spontaneous

The lungs, the only place for gas exchange, supply the blood with oxygen and take up carbon dioxide.

If oxygen, during its path, between the oral cavity and the lungs, can cause different actions of the body, depending on the presence of dust, cold air … and this during a certain time.

The gas exchange between blood and air will always be identical and almost instantaneous:

• When blood travels through the alveolar capillaries, oxygen diffuses to the red blood cells, where it is linked to hemoglobin;
• At the same time, the CO2 detaches from the red cells and diffuses towards the alveoli;
• Normally, the blood crosses the entire length of the alveolar capillaries in 0.75 seconds, see more quickly if the heart rate is high.
• The interalveolar septum (separating the alveolar air space from the capillary lumen) is a very thin air-blood barrier. It promotes the rapid diffusion of gases.

Gas exchanges are so efficient that they only take 0.5 seconds.

Let’s use the creative functions of exchange to develop Common Happiness:

If we consider our dreams to be oxygen,
and dialogue is the path that gives them life;

Sharing our dreams can offer the possibility of realizing them;

Let’s decide to create exchange structures,
we will live our waking dreams.

Bibliographic reference:
– The information on the respiratory system is taken from the book « The Netter’s Anatomy Coloring Book », John T. HANSE, Elsevier Masson SAS, 2017 (the french version).

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We can continue to divide ourselves with « I am right / you are wrong », thinking that there are many truths, or realize that the truth is unique, but we do not know it. Each of us has parts of it. To find the truth, let’s unite our views, let’s talk to learn what we don’t know but what the other has discovered.

The important thing is not to convince but to give to think about it.
Bernard WERBER

Cell adhesion, means making communicate specifically, different environments, as needed:

Perform a specific function

The heart,
it is not the liver.

• The cell is the basic unit, structurally and functionally of all the tissues of the human body;
• There are four basic tissues that are found throughout the human body:
• The epithelial tissue: it covers the surface of the body, it delimits the cavities, it is the secretory contingent of the serous glands. It plays a barrier role, participates in exchanges, absorption and/or secretion, has the capacity to stretch and spread over expanding surfaces;
• Connective tissue: it has a role of support, transport, storage, immune defense and thermoregulation;
• Muscle tissue: it intervenes in the musculoskeletal system, causing movement, maintaining posture, changes in shape, and contributing to the movement of fluids in tissues and hollow organs. It forms the skeletal muscles, the heart muscle and the smooth muscles that line various organs and the walls of blood vessels;
• The nervous tissue: it is at the origin of the central and peripheral nervous system.

The complexity of the structures makes possible, starting from basic element, to obtain a variability of functions.

An outside environment necessary for the inside environment

Just like water,
the membrane is necessary for life.

• A cell can specialize for a particular function, thanks to its membrane which makes possible to obtain different environmental conditions inside and outside;
• The extracellular medium will allow the supply of nutrients, chemical signals, and the removal of waste;
• The intracellular environment will allow the realization of chemical reactions which will be at the origin of the reactivity of the body.

It is compartmentalization which provides the body, predisposed spaces to fulfill different functions.

The association is selective

Cell junctions show that the structure of associations
results in communication differences.

• Tight junctions: There is a close rapprochement between two cells which does not allow any exchange between them; it is a barrier;
• Open, communicating junctions: There is creation of a channel between two cells which allows the passage of small molecules; it is a sharing of resources;
• The anchoring junctions between cells: There is creation of a plate between two cells which makes possible to give mechanical force to the tissues; it is a cohesion, a seal;
• The anchoring junctions between cells and extracellular matrix: There is creation of a plate between a cell and the extracellular matrix, which makes it possible to feed the cell or to make it migrate for tissue repair; it’s support.

It is thanks to exchanges with the external environment, that the cell obtains the optimal conditions for living.

Let’s use the communicating nature of sharing to become aware of the Common Happiness:

If we consider that ideas are inside cells, and the world is the outside environment;

Junctions between our ideas can create a network of solutions;

Let’s decide to communicate together,
we will live Life in Peace.

Bibliographic reference:
– The information on the cell adhesion is taken from the book « The Netter’s Anatomy Coloring Book », John T. HANSE, Elsevier Masson SAS, 2017 (the french version).